The Ethereum white paper was published in late 2013 and the software went live in July 2015. In 2021, the network is scheduled to complete an extensive overhaul of its software that will bring it closer to the completion of its roadmap.

The Ethereum Foundation created a new version of the Ethereum Network on July 20th, 2016, the date at which the older, unaltered version of Ethereum was renamed to Ethereum Classic.

Ethereum was created by 19-year-old Vitalik Buterin (with many others contributing to its code). Buterin was previously a founder at the publication Bitcoin Magazine and a 2014 Theil Fellow.

While difficult to pinpoint who exactly created Ethereum Classic, the developer most associated with the decision to continue maintaining the original Ethereum is the anonymous Arvicco who credited a larger group of users with the idea.

ETH

ETC

以太坊创建的初衷是成为一个全球性的开源平台，用于定制资产和新型经济应用。 

 

以太坊被认为是迄今为止最雄心勃勃的区块链项目之一，它试图利用区块链技术，在货币之外的广泛用例中实现产品和服务的去中心化。 

 

迄今为止，以太坊已经经历了几个不同的阶段，且强调了其不同阶段有不同方面的能力。

 

首先，在2017年著名的“ ICO热潮”期间，企业家涌向以太坊, 而创作者们利用以太坊区块链上的新资产为新项目筹集资金。并且在这段时间里，以太坊被视为一种全球资本分配和融资的机制。

 

以太坊的一个新阶段，即去中心化金融（DeFi）,在2020年已经开始获得关注。 在这阶段中，去中心化的应用程序dapps则应运而生，其目的是在不需要传统银行或中介机构的情况下实现借贷等金融服务的自动化。
 

When Ethereum Classic (ETC) emerged, it challenged the idea about how blockchains could be launched, altered and upgraded.

 

Rather than copying and modifying an existing cryptocurrency software, or writing a new software from scratch, a minority of users continued to maintain the older Ethereum software with the record of the DAO hack after the software, now known as Ethereum, was upgraded. 

 

Thus, the Ethereum Classic fork occurred over an ideological dispute among Ethereum users over the “immutability” of the software, or the inability of any user to alter transactions that have been added to the blockchain’s history.

 

Ethereum Classic users saw the code proposed by Ethereum’s developers in the wake of The DAO as violating an essential guarantee of the software. Project developers tended to view the code as a one-time fix for a beta software.

维塔利克-布特林(Vitalik Buterin)将以太坊Ethereum设想为一台 "世界计算机"，让任何人都可以在其上启动和运行应用程序。.

 

这个想法是由一个非营利组织--以太坊基金会推动的, 该基金会以众筹方式售出了7200万以太坊ETH的加密货币，并在当时筹集了1800万美元。

 

然而，早期以太坊与众不同的地方是其围绕该项目的充满活力的开发者团队。

Gavin Wood，Jeff Wilke，Joseph Lubin和Charles Hoskinson等开发人员对以太坊技术作岀了有意义的贡献, 亦使他们成为区块链生态系统中的重要人物。

The first block of Ethereum Classic (ETC) was mined on July 20th, 2016.

 

The Ethereum network split into two incompatible currencies with two separate transaction histories when several Ethereum users elected not to upgrade to new code recommended by project developers. 

 

As a result, anyone who owned ETH at the time received an equal allocation of ETC. 

 

Since that time, the Ethereum Classic blockchain continues to follow similar rules as Ethereum, rewarding new ETC to miners every time a block is found. 

为了创建dapps，开发者编写一种程序称为智能合约 (smart contracts)，并将这些代码部署到以太坊区块链上。这些dapps本质上是大型智能合约 (smart contract)的构造，如果能满足某特定节点，则可以启动这些合约。

 

与比特币类似，以太坊采用工作证明（PoW）挖矿来驱动其区块链。 

 

然而，该网络正在迈向以太坊2.0，它计划将其共识机制转换成一个名为 权益证明(PoS)的机制。.

 

在这种模式下，任何拥有至少32个以太坊(ETH)的用户都可以将这些资金锁定在一个合约中，并通过解决向区块链添加新区块所需的计算来获得奖励。. 
 

就像以太坊一样，以太经典网络本身可以通过将智能合约代码部署到以太经典的区块链上，并用于开发和运行去中心化的应用程序。

主要的区别在于，以太经典社区决定继续使用工作证明挖矿来保障其区块链，在这种共识机制下，矿工会竞相完成加密难题以提出构成其区块链的区块。 

当矿工发现一个区块时会向网络公布，并且当每个节点被验证后，矿工会得到新铸造的以太经典币(ETC)的补偿。 

以太币（ETH）是支持以太坊的主要加密货币。与比特币类似，以太币(ETH)会在每个区块中被铸造并分配给其矿工。 

然而，在比特币供应有限的情况下，以太坊对可铸造的以太币(ETH)数量是没有限制的，其供应量被设定为每年增加4.5%。 

值得注意的是，货币政策的变改会由开发者提出，然后由运行该软件的节点和矿工进行投票决定。 

以太坊区块链还有一个名为 "gas "的加密功能机制，gas是用于计算执行操作而需要支付给网络费用的特殊单位。需要注意的是计算越复杂，一个特定的程序需要的gas就会越多。 

ETC is the main cryptocurrency powering Ethereum Classic. Similar to Ethereum, ETC is minted in every block and distributed to its miners. 

Ethereum Classic, however, differs in that it has adopted a fixed monetary policy. The total amount of ETC that can be created is capped at 230 million ETC, meaning scarcity factors into its value.